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2018年11月1日—2019年3月10日江西省出现区域性连续阴雨寡照天气,文中利用实时检测、历史同期数据和连阴雨极端天气气候事件指标,结合NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和NOAA全球海表温度资料,对这次区域连阴雨天气的异常气候特征和成因进行分析.结果表明:1)此次区域连阴雨天气具有阴雨、连阴雨日数多,累计雨量大、雨日多,日照时数少、无日照和连续无日照日数多等特点.2)连阴雨天气期间,北半球环流形势异常,欧亚中高纬呈"两脊两槽"型环流控制,有利于冷空气入侵我国南方地区;西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏强,西伸脊点偏西,脊线位置偏北,异常西南风水汽输送为持续阴雨天气提供了丰沛的水汽条件并与南下冷空气在江淮至江南地区交汇,造成江西降水异常偏多.3)赤道中东太平洋海温异常对江西秋冬季降水量和阴雨日数有重要影响;2018年江西秋冬季降水表现出对典型El Nino事件的响应,在El Nino的影响下,2018年江西省秋冬季降水量和阴雨日数偏多. 相似文献
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Xiushu QIE Shanfeng YUAN Zhixiong CHEN Dongfeng WANG Dongxia LIU Mengyu SUN Zhuling SUN Abhay SRIVASTAVA Hongbo ZHANG Jingyu LU Hui XIAO Yongheng BI Liang FENG Ye TIAN Yan XU Rubin JIANG Mingyuan LIU Xian XIAO Shu DUAN Debin SU Chengyun SUN Wenjing XU Yijun ZHANG Gaopeng LU Da-Lin ZHANG Yan YIN Ye YU 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,64(1):10-26
The Dynamical-microphysical-electrical Processes in Severe Thunderstorms and Lightning Hazards(STORM973)project conducted coordinated comprehensive field observations of thunderstorms in the Beijing metropolitan region(BMR)during the warm season from 2014 to 2018.The aim of the project was to understand how dynamical,microphysical and electrical processes interact in severe thunderstorms in the BMR,and how to assimilate lightning data in numerical weather prediction models to improve severe thunderstorm forecasts.The platforms used in the field campaign included the Beijing Lightning Network(BLNET,consisting of 16 stations),2 X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler radars,and 4 laser raindrop spectrometers.The collaboration also made use of the China Meteorological Administration’s mesoscale meteorological observation network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Although diverse thunderstorm types were documented,it was found that squall lines and multicell storms were the two major categories of severe thunderstorms with frequent lightning activity and extreme rainfall or unexpected local short-duration heavy rainfall resulting in inundations in the central urban area,influenced by the terrain and environmental conditions.The flash density maximums were found in eastern Changping District,central and eastern Shunyi District,and the central urban area of Beijing,suggesting that the urban heat island effect has a crucial role in the intensification of thunderstorms over Beijing.In addition,the flash rate associated with super thunderstorms can reach hundreds of flashes per minute in the central city regions.The super(5%of the total),strong(35%),and weak(60%)thunderstorms contributed about 37%,56%,and 7%to the total flashes in the BMR,respectively.Owing to the close connection between lightning activity and the thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics of the thunderstorms,the lightning flash rate can be used as an indicator of severe weather events,such as hail and short-duration heavy rainfall.Lightning data can also be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to help improve the forecasting of severe convection and precipitation at the cloud-resolved scale,through adjusting or correcting the thermodynamic and microphysical parameters of the model. 相似文献
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《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》1999,61(13):975-991
Long-term wind measurements carried out at 6 northern midlatitude sites (Saskatoon, Sheffield, Juliusruh, Collm, Obninsk, Kazan) are investigated to establish a climatology of the semidiurnal tide in the mesopause region for the narrow latitudinal range between 52°N and 56°N. Comparison of zonal and meridional components shows that in general the horizontal components are circularly polarized. Intercomparison of amplitudes and phases generally shows good agreement between the results from the different measuring systems. The results are compared with an empirical model of the semidiurnal tide. The longitudinal variation of the semidiurnal tide is small in summer, but the tidal amplitudes in winter are larger at Saskatoon and Kazan, compared with the results from the other sites. The possible influence of wave–tidal interaction in the stratosphere on the interannual variability of this difference is discussed. 相似文献
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A QUANTITATIVE STUDY FOR ABNORMAL FREEZING RAINS AND SNOWSTORMS IN SOUTHERN CHINA IN EARLY 2008 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A quantitative diagnosis is carried out for the upward branch of a local meridional circulation over southern China(SC) during the abnormal snowstorms with severe freezing rain from 10 January to 3 February 2008.The diagnostic study shows that the upward branch is mainly associated with the zonal advection of westerly momentum and meridional temperature advection instead of the latent heating(which is commonly the dominant factor in many other storm cases).The corresponding weather analyses indicate that(1) the zonal advection of westerly momentum represents the effect of the upper-level divergence on the anticyclone-shear side in the entrance of a 200 hPa westerly jet with a westward deviation from its climatological location over southwestern Japan;(2) the meridional temperature advection represents the interaction between the mid-lower layer(850 to 400 hPa) warm advection over SC(ahead of temperature and pressure troughs with the latter trough deeper than the former in the Bay of Bengal) and cold advection over north China(steered by an underlying flow at 500 hPa);(3) the relatively weak vapor transport(compared to that of spring,summer and autumn) from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea to SC and the existence of a temperature inversion layer in the lower troposphere over SC diminish the effect of latent heating.With the significant increase of vapor transport after 24 January,the role of latent heating is upgraded to become the third positive contributor to the upward branch over SC. 相似文献
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基于常规高空、地面观测资料,分析了2012年5月12日南昌大暴雨过程的环流背景和主要影响系统,并利用美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)开发的HYSPLIT模式和6 h一次的NCEP1°×1°再分析资料模拟了此次大暴雨过程中气块的240 h后向轨迹。结果表明:1)此次大暴雨过程发生在500 hPa高度层低槽前,中低层有低涡、切变线和低空急流,200 hPa高度层风向分流辐散的环流背景下,且南昌位于地面冷锋前暖区中,有弱的不稳定能量等对流性降水特征。2)在模拟的南昌站6条气块后向轨迹中,有3条轨迹源自陆地,1条来自暴雨区周围,只有2条轨迹来自暖湿的海洋,其中各有3条轨迹来自对流层低层和中高层。3)此次大暴雨过程的水汽主要来自于对流层低层南海西南部向我国陆地的水汽输送和本地周围水汽的贡献,其次是位于我国西部大陆对流层中下层向东的水汽输送。 相似文献
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《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2003,65(1):47-57
Ionospheric data observed in 30 stations located in 3 longitude sectors (East Asia/Australia Sector, Europe/Africa Sector and America/East Pacific Ocean Sector) during 1974–1986 are used to analyse the characteristics of semiannual variation in the peak electron density of F2 layer (NmF2). The results indicate that the semiannual variation of NmF2 mainly presents in daytime. In nighttime, except in the region of geomagnetic equator between the two crests of ionospheric equatorial anomaly, NmF2 has no obvious semiannual variation. In the high latitude region, only in solar maxima years and in daytime, there are obvious semiannual variations of NmF2. The amplitude distribution of the semiannual variation of daytime NmF2 with latitude has a “double-humped structure”, which is very similar to the ionospheric equatorial anomaly. There is asymmetry between the Southern and the Northern Hemispheres of the profile of the amplitude of semiannual variation of NmF2 and longitudinal difference. A new possible mechanism of semiannual variation of NmF2 is put forward in this paper. The semiannual variation of the diurnal tide in the lower thermosphere induces the semiannual variation of the amplitude of the equatorial electrojet. This causes the semiannual variation of the amplitude of ionospheric equatorial anomaly through fountain effect. This process induces the semiannual variation of the low latitude NmF2. 相似文献
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利用鄱阳湖流域79个国家气象站逐时降水资料,采用Sen斜率估计、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析等统计诊断方法,分析了1978—2019年鄱阳湖流域小时强降水的时空变化特征.结果表明:1)鄱阳湖流域小时强降水量及其对总降水贡献率呈现显著的增加趋势,小时强降水时数增加显著而强度则几乎无变化.2)鄱阳湖流域小时强降水量主要呈现准4—5 a短周期变化.3)鄱阳湖流域小时强降水在6月出现次数最多,8月的小时强降水贡献率最大;4—9月小时强降水量和降水时数均呈增加趋势,但3月两者均呈现减少趋势.4)鄱阳湖流域小时强降水日变化分布呈现双峰结构,16—20时是主峰时段,06—09时为次峰时段.5)鄱阳湖流域小时强降水量分布主要呈现"东多西少"特征,且部分强降水量中心呈现增长趋势,需引起足够重视. 相似文献
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华南后汛期极端降水特征及变化趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用中国国家气象信息中心提供的华南89个代表站1969-2008年逐日降水资料,对华南后汛期（7-月）极端降水时空演变特征进行研究。结果表明：多年平均总降水量、强降水量、降水频率、强降水频率以及暴雨频率与强降水量阈值空间分布一致,广东和广西的南部及福建西南部为大值区;强降水量、降水频率及暴雨频率很大程度影响着华南后汛期总降水量的空间分布。强降水量、强降水频率、暴雨频率对后汛期总降水量的时间变化有很好的指示意义。华南后汛期极端降水在1992--1993年发生一次明显的年代际转折,1993年以来各指标的均值（除降水频率外）和方差均显著增加,华南发生极端旱涝的情况增多。另外,转折前后两个时段的总降水量、降水频率均呈减小趋势,但减小显著的区域有一定差异。 相似文献
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